缓綻新四級攷試閱讀講義8(3)

　　The Broadcast TV Problem
　　Conceptually， satellite television is， a lot like broadcast television. It‘s a wireless system for delivering television programming directly to a viewer’s house. Both broadcast television and satellite stations transmit programming via a radio signal. Broadcast stations use a powerful antenna to transmit radio waves to the surrounding area. Viewers can pick up the signal with a much smaller antenna.
　　The main limitation of broadcast television is range. The radio signals used to broadcast television shoot out from the broadcast antenna in a straight line. In order to receive these signals， you have to be in the direct "line of sight" of the antenna. One problem is that the Earth is curved， so it eventually breaks the signal‘s line of site. The other problem with broadcast television is that the signal is often distorted even in the viewing area. To get a perfectly clear signal like you find on cable， you have to be pretty close to the broadcast antenna without too many obstacles in the way.
　　The Satellite TV Solution
　　Satellite television solves the problems of range and distortion by transmitting broadcast signals from satellites orbiting the Earth. Since satellites are high in the sky， there are a lot more customers in the line of site. Satellite television systems transmit and receive radio signals using specialized antennas called satellite dishes.
　　The television satellites are all in geosynchronous orbit， meaning that they stay in one place in the sky relative to the Earth. Each satellite is launched into space at about 7，000 mph （11，000 kph） ， reaching approximately 22，200 miles （35，700 km） above the Earth. At this speed and altitude， the satellite will revolve around the planet once every 24 hours――the same period of time it takes the Earth to make one full rotation. In other words， the satellite keeps pace with our moving planet exactly. This way， you only have to direct the dish at the satellite once， and from then on it picks up the signal without adjustment， at least when everything works right.
　　The Overall System
　　Early satellite TV viewers were explorers of sorts. They used their expensive dishes to discover unique programming that wasn‘t necessarily intended for mass audiences. The dish and receiving equipment gave viewers the tools to pick up foreign stations， live feeds between different broadcast stations， NASA activities and a lot of other stuff transmitted using satellites.
　　Some satellite owners still seek out this sort of programming on their own， but today， most satellite TV customers get their programming through a direct broadcast satellite （DBS） provider， such as Direct TV or the Dish Network. The provider selects programs and broadcasts them to subscribers as a set package. Basically， the provider‘s goal is to bring dozens or even hundreds of channels to your television in a form that approximates the petition，美加， cable TV. Unlike earlier programming， the provider’s broadcast is pletely digital， which means it has much better picture and sound quality. Early satellite television was broadcast in C-band radio――radio in the 3.4-gigabertz （GHz） to 7-GHz frequency range. Digital broadcast satellite transmits programming in the Ku frequency range （ 12 GHz to 14 GHz ）。
　　The Programming
　　The Programming Satellite TV providers get programming from two major sources： national turnaround channels（such as HBO，越南文翻譯， ESPN and CNN） and various local channels （the NBC， CBS，英翻中， ABC， PBS and Fox affiliates in a particular area）。 Most of the turnaround channels also provide programming for cable television， and the local channels typically broadcast their programming over the airwaves.
　　Turnaround channels usually have a distribution center that beams their programming to a geostationary satellite. The broadcast center uses large satellite dishes to pick up these analog and digital signals from several sources.

Sec. Geithner tightens the reins - 英語演講

In one of his first acts as Secretary of the Treasury, Timothy Geithner today announced new rules that will make it harder for banks to lobby for a share of money set aside by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act.

The new rules restrict the contact that bank lobbyists can have with Treasury officials, as well as what members of Congress can do to secure money on behalf of banks in their home districts.

"American taxpayers deserve to know that their money is spent in the most effective way to stabilize the financial system," Secretary Geithner said. "Today's actions reaffirm our mitment toward that goal."

Introducing him last night before he was sworn in, President Barack Obama spoke to the challenges Secretary Geithner faces, with a nod to the news that seven major American corporations -- including Caterpillar, Sprint/Nextel, and Home Depot -- announced they were cutting tens of thousands of jobs.

"It will take a Secretary of the Treasury who understands those challenges in all their plexities to help lead us forward,"，英翻中; President Obama said. "You've got your work cut out for you, as I think everybody knows. But you also have my full confidence, my deepest trust, and my unyeilding belief that you can achieve what is required of us at this moment."

Vice President Biden administered the oath of office to Geithner, who had been confirmed that afternoon.

"We are at a moment of maximum challenge for our economy and our country," Secretary Geithner said in his remarks. "And our agenda, Mr. President, is to move quickly to help you do what the country asked you to do: to launch the programs that will bring economic recovery sooner; to make our economy more productive and more just in the opportunities it provides our citizens; to restore trust in our financial system with fundamental reform; to make our tax system better at rewarding work and investment; to restore confidence in America's economic leadership around the world. I pledge all of my ability to help you meet that challenge, and to restore to all Americans the promise of a better future."

As Secretary Geithner thanked his family for their support, he remarked that he was inspired to enter public service by childhood travels with his family.

"My parents gave me, among many wonderful things, they gave me the important gift of showing me the world as a child," he said. "They took us to live in Zambia and Rhodesia, and then to India and to Thailand. And from those places, I saw America through the eyes of others. And it was that experience seeing the extraordinary influence of America on the world that led me to work in government."

Read last night’s remarks from the President and Secretary Geithner below.

REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT
AT SWEARING IN OF TREASURY SECRETARY TIMOTHY GEITHNER
U.S. Department of Treasury
Washington, D.C.
January 26, 2009

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you, please have a seat. A short time ago, the United States Senate voted to confirm Timothy Geithner as our next Secretary of the Treasury. That deserves some applause. (Applause.) I want to thank Democratic and Republican senators for their show of confidence in Tim, and I want to thank Tim -- and Carole -- for their willingness to serve their country at a time when that service is desperately needed.

I came here tonight because, at this moment of challenge and crisis, Tim's work and the work of the entire Treasury Department must begin at once. We cannot lose a day, because every day the economic picture is darkening -- here and across the globe. Just today we learned that seven major corporations will be laying off thousands more workers. This es on top of the 2.5 million jobs we lost last year. And it will take a Secretary of the Treasury who understands this challenge and all its plexities to help lead us forward.

When Alexander Hamilton was sworn in as our first Treasury Secretary, his task was to weave together the disparate debts and economies of various states into one American system of credit and capital markets. More than two centuries later, that system is now in serious jeopardy. It has been badly weakened by an era of irresponsibility; a series of imprudent and dangerous decisions on Wall Street; and an unrelenting quest for profit with too little regard for risk, too little regulatory scrutiny, and too little accountability. The result has been a devastating loss of trust and confidence in our economy, our financial markets, and our government. That era must end right now, and I believe it can.

The very fact that this crisis is largely of our own making means that it is not beyond our ability to solve. Our problems are rooted in past mistakes, not our capacity for future greatness. It will take time, perhaps many years, but we can rebuild that lost trust and confidence. We can restore opportunity and prosperity. And I'm confident that Tim, along with Larry Summers and Peter Orszag and the rest of our economic team, can help us get there.

In the ing weeks and months, we will work together to stabilize our financial system and restart the flow of credit that families and businesses depend on to get a loan, make a payroll, or buy a home. But we'll do it in a way that protects the American taxpayer and includes the highest level of transparency and oversight so that the American people can hold us accountable for results.

Together, with both parties in Congress, we will launch a recovery and reinvestment plan that saves or creates more than 3 million jobs while investing in priorities like health care, education, and energy that will make us strong in the future. And I will be working with the entire economic team and Tim to reform and modernize our outdated financial regulations so that a crisis like this cannot happen again. We'll put in place new mon-sense rules of the road and we will be vigilant in ensuring they are not bent or broken any longer.

So, congratulations, Tim. You've got your work cut out for you, as I think everybody knows, but you also have my full confidence, my deepest trust, my unyielding belief that we can rise to achieve what is required of us at this moment. Our work will not be easy and it will not be quick, but we will embrace it so that we can carry on the legacy of boundless opportunity and unmatched prosperity that has defined this nation since our earlier days.

And before I step aside from the podium, to all the wonderful staff at Treasury, who have been laboring long and hard over the last several months and years -- but particularly the last several months -- I want to thank you for your dedication and your service. You've been doing yeoman's work at a time when

the country needs it, and I hope with Tim at the helm, that that work will result in jobs and businesses reopening and the kind of economic opportunity that the American people deserve.

So, with that, let's get Tim sworn in.

REMARKS BY TREASURY SECRETARY TIMOTHY GEITHNER
U.S. Department of Treasury
Washington, D.C.
January 26, 2009

SECRETARY GEITHNER: Thank you, Mr. President. Thank you, Mr. Vice President. And thanks to my many friends and colleagues for being here tonight. My wife Carole stood beside me as I took this oath of office as she has twice before in this building. I want to thank her for her extraordinary grace and support. She has this remarkable capacity for calm wisdom and empathy.

Our children, Elise and Benjamin, are back at school in New York studying for their midterm exams -- I hope they're studying. (Laughter.) I miss them very much and I'm very proud of them.

My terrific family is represented here tonight by my father, Peter Geithner, and my brother, David. My parents gave me, among many wonderful things, they gave me the important gift of showing me the world as a child. They took us to live in Zambia and Rhodesia, and then to India and to Thailand. And from those places, I saw America through the eyes of others. And it was that experience seeing the extraordinary influence of America on the world that led me to work in government.

I first walked into this building about 20 years ago. And I had at Treasury the wonderful experience of working with smart and dedicated people serving their country with the shared goal of making government more effective, in an environment where our obligation was to debate the merits, to do what was right, not what was easy or expedient, drawing on the best ideas and expertise in the nation.

Treasury's tradition is to defend the integrity of policy, to respect the constraints imposed by limited resources, and to limit government intervention to where it is essential to protect our financial system and to improve the lives of the American people. That tradition is critically important today because it is the source of the credibility that makes it possible for governments to do what is necessary to resolve a crisis.

In the world we confront today, Treasury has to be, and Treasury will be, a source of bold initiative. We are at a moment of maximum challenge for our economy and for our country. And our agenda, Mr. President, is to move quickly to help you do what the country asked you to do: to launch the programs that will bring economic recovery sooner; to make our economy more productive and more just in the opportunities it provides our citizens; to restore trust in our financial system with fundamental reform; to make our tax system better at rewarding work and investment; to restore confidence in America's economic leadership around the world. I pledge all of my ability to help you meet that challenge, and to restore to all Americans the promise of a better future.

I want to thank Larry Summers, who has taught me so much about economic policy, a little bit about math, even some things about people. I am fortunate he is willing to work alongside me as we confront the nation's challenges.

Mr. President, I am deeply grateful for your trust and confidence. We will work our hearts out for you. Thank you for giving me this great privilege of working for you. I am eager to get to work.

Thank you. (Applause.)

Remarks by the President to The Hispanic Chamber of merce on a plete and c - 英語演講

Washington Marriott Metro Center

Washington, D.C.

9:54 A.M. EDT

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. (Applause.) Si se puede.

AUDIENCE: Si se puede! Si se puede! Si se puede!

THE PRESIDENT: Thank you. Thank you so much. Please, everybody have a seat，美加. Thank you for the wonderful introduction, David. And thank you for the great work that you are doing each and every day. And I appreciate such a warm wele. Some of you I've gotten a chance to know; many of you I'm meeting for the first time. But the spirit of the U.S. Hispanic Chamber of merce, the desire to create jobs and provide opportunity to people who sometimes have been left out -- that's exactly what this administration is about. That's the essence of the American Dream. And so I'm very proud to have a chance to speak with all of you.

You know, every so often, throughout our history, a generation of Americans bears the responsibility of seeing this country through difficult times and protecting the dream of its founding for posterity. This is a responsibility that's fallen to our generation. Meeting it will require steering our nation's economy through a crisis unlike anything that we have seen in our time.

In the short term, that means jump-starting job creation and restarting lending, and restoring confidence in our markets and our financial system. But it also means taking steps that not only advance our recovery, but lay the foundation for lasting, shared prosperity.

I know there's some who believe we can only handle one challenge at a time. And they forget that Lincoln helped lay down the transcontinental railroad and passed the Homestead Act and created the National Academy of Sciences in the midst of civil war. Likewise, President Roosevelt didn't have the luxury of choosing between ending a depression and fighting a war; he had to do both. President Kennedy didn't have the luxury of choosing between civil rights and sending us to the moon. And we don't have the luxury of choosing between getting our economy moving now and rebuilding it over the long term.

America will not remain true to its highest ideals -- and America's place as a global economic leader will be put at risk -- unless we not only bring down the crushing cost of health care and transform the way we use energy, but also if we do -- if we don't do a far better job than we've been doing of educating our sons and daughters; unless we give them the knowledge and skills they need in this new and changing world.

For we know that economic progress and educational achievement have always gone hand in hand in America. The land-grant colleges and public high schools transformed the economy of an industrializing nation. The GI Bill generated a middle class that made America's economy unrivaled in the 20th century. Investments in math and science under President Eisenhower gave new opportunities to young scientists and engineers all across the country. It made possible somebody like a Sergei Brin to attend graduate school and found an upstart pany called Google that would forever change our world.

The source of America's prosperity has never been merely how ably we accumulate wealth, but how well we educate our people. This has never been more true than it is today. In a 21st-century world where jobs can be shipped wherever there's an Internet connection, where a child born in Dallas is now peting with a child in New Delhi, where your best job qualification is not what you do，英翻中, but what you know -- education is no longer just a pathway to opportunity and success, it's a prerequisite for success.

That's why workers without a four-year degree have borne the brunt of recent layoffs, Latinos most of all. That's why, of the 30 fastest growing occupations in America, half require a Bachelor's degree or more. By 2016, four out of every 10 new jobs will require at least some advanced education or training.

So let there be no doubt: The future belongs to the nation that best educates its citizens -- and my fellow Americans, we have everything we need to be that nation，越南文翻譯. We have the best universities, the most renowned scholars. We have innovative principals and passionate teachers and gifted students, and we have parents whose only priority is their child's education. We have a legacy of excellence, and an unwavering belief that our children should climb higher than we did.

And yet, despite resources that are unmatched anywhere in the world, we've let our grades slip, our schools crumble, our teacher quality fall short, and other nations outpace us. Let me give you a few statistics. In 8th grade math, we've fallen to 9th place. Singapore's middle-schoolers outperform ours three to one. Just a third of our 13- and 14-year-olds can read as well as they should. And year after year, a stubborn gap persists between how well white students are doing pared to their African American and Latino classmates. The relative decline of American education is untenable for our economy, it's unsustainable for our democracy, it's unacceptable for our children -- and we can't afford to let it continue.
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心語：“嘿！您怎麼不說話了？”

口語：“嘿！你怎麼不說話了？”

曾碰到過這麼一名“抬槓师长教师”，越南文翻譯，別人只有一開心，遠見，他便來勁兒，反駁力還挺強。更讓人來氣的是，對圆皆已被駁得啞口無行了，佔上風的他竟一旁得意忘形，“嘿！說話呀，您怎麼不說話了？”

英語中，類似語境下，“你怎麼不說話了”相應的口語表達是：“Has the cat got your tongue /Cat got your tongue？”這時，被問話者经常正在談話中處於劣勢，如挨批的小孩、受挫的辯論者、乃至是受審的监犯……

据說，早在16世紀伊麗莎白時代，日文翻譯，隔著網毬拍對人吐舌頭是一種凌辱性表示。而在噹時，網毬拍的弦線由貓的腸子减工提煉而成，於是，擅於發揮的人類就發了然頗為怪異的表達“Cat got you tongue”（字里意：貓捉住了你的舌頭嗎）。不過，詞源壆傢並不認同這種觀點，雖然很遺憾，他們本人也說不浑這句口語的出處。

英語四級(CET4)應試技能6

IV．若何對待閱讀中的生詞

對閱讀中碰到的生詞最好的方式是通過上下文猜測。以下僟條建議可幫助你猜測詞義：

看看上下文中有沒有生詞的另外一種說法，即找同義詞。有時下文會對一個詞做解釋，或供给一些表示。

看看生詞在文章中的詞性，即看這個是名詞、動詞、描述詞、副詞或其他詞類。别的看看這個詞正在文中與那些詞搭配应用，再按照本人的其余知識，便可以進止正確的猜測了。

剖析死詞的搆成，特别是詞的前綴和後綴。英語中良多詞皆是减前綴和後綴而來的。比方你認識這兩個詞write战similar，依据前綴re--跟後綴--ity的露義，你就能够准確的猜出rewrite和similarity這兩個詞的意义。

看看同毕生詞是可在高低文的其他处所出現，把兩處的語竟比拟較，也許更能准的猜出詞義。

充足应用你關於所閱讀的內容已有的知識。
操纵文中所附的插圖等曲觀線索猜測詞義。

V． 推論--找出文章中隱含义思
為了目标，作者常常不间接說出文章的意思，而是蕴藉的表達。這種隱含的意思有時是文章的重要意思。所以閱讀文壆作品經常需要推論。有時一句話的含義需求推論，有時整個文章的含義须要推論。以下僟條建議能够幫助你推論：

結配合者的思惟、觀點及其創作目标、創作揹景進行推論。
尋找作者直接陳述的諸多事宜之間的聯係。

仔細體會一些主要詞的涵蓄意義及其情感颜色。好比politician和statesman的意思都是“政客傢”，但前者有貶義的色采，即“政客”，後者則沒有。

從作者的語氣、語調、措辭等文體特点，讀出做者的“话中有话”。
得出推論後，儘量從高低文中尋找証据。

充实哄骗本身的各圆里的知識，把文章中所述的事务和本人的閱歷或熟习的事件聯係起來思攷。

VI． 如何找出文章中心理念
為了便於找出文章的核心思维，閱讀中你能够思攷以下問題：

文章是不是表白了有關社會糊口的主要東西，聽打？它能否幫助你构成新的生涯觀？
文章是否表广泛真谛？
你批准文章的中央思惟和觀點嗎？

VII．做題時應留神的問題

粗讀問題及選擇項，英文翻譯，仔細咀嚼問題的所指及選項之間意思的差別，切勿看文生義，轻率處之。

做完统一篇文章後，應綜开看一下您的選擇，韓文翻譯，果為，它們也許是緊稀相關的。

選擇與所提問的內容針對性強的選擇項作為正確谜底。
攷生的知識與常識也能够幫助他接收或拒絕一些選擇項。

文後的僟個問題經常是對整個文章推理過程的僟方面的归纳综合，懂得這一點可以幫助攷生對炤檢驗本身的閱讀從而對文章的推理過程進一步的認識。